What defines a pattern of substance dependence?

A pattern of substance dependence is primarily characterized by compulsive use leading to tolerance and withdrawal. This means that individuals who are dependent on a substance often find themselves using it in increasing amounts (tolerance) to achieve the same effects they once experienced with smaller doses. Over time, they may also develop withdrawal symptoms if they reduce or stop using the substance, making it difficult for them to quit even if they want to.

This compulsive behavior indicates a significant disruption in the individual's life, as their focus shifts to acquiring and using the substance, often at the expense of other responsibilities and activities. The presence of these psychological and physical dependencies differentiates substance dependence from more casual or moderate use, which may not produce the same detrimental effects or experiences.

In contrast, casual use of substances, use without social consequences, and limited time spent on obtaining substances do not adequately encapsulate the severity and compulsive nature of substance dependence. Individuals may use substances without falling into a dependency pattern if they do not experience significant tolerance, withdrawal, or negative impacts on their lives. Hence, the correct choice accurately represents the distinguishing characteristics of substance dependence.